Gita : Ch-12.Slo-1.

Srimad Bhagavad-Gita :

Chapter-12. ( Bhakti-yogam)

Slokam-1. ( Arjuna inquired: Which is considered to be most perfect: those who are properly engaged in Your devotional service, or those who worship the impersonal Brahman, the unmanifested? )

arjuna uvaca

evam  satata-yukta  ye  bhaktastvam  paryupasate,

ye  capyaksharamavyaktam  tesham  ke  yogavittamah.


arjuna uvaca  =  arjuna  asked;

evam  satata-yuktah  =  thus,  always  keeping  devotion  permanantly  unto  you  Lord;

ye  bhaktah  =  with  that  mind  few  devotees;

tvam   paryupasate  =  unto  you  hey  Krishna  regularly  do  Upasana;

ye  ca  avyaktam  =  another  few the  unmanifested  ( not  so  clear );

aksharam  api  =  do  Upasana  unto  "Akashara  Brahmam" ( beyond  the  senses);

paryupasate  =   practice "Nirgunoupasana";

tesham  =  among  them;

ke  yogavittamah  =  who  is  the  most  "Superior  yagayajnan" ( most  perfect ).


Krishna has now explained about the personal, the impersonal and the universal and has described all kinds of devotees and yogis. Generally, the transcendentalists can be divided into two classes. One is the impersonalist, and the other is the personalist. The personalist devotee engages himself with all energy in the service of the Supreme Lord. The impersonalist engages himself not directly in the service of Krishna but in meditation on the impersonal Brahman, the unmanifested.

We find in this chapter that of the different processes for realization of the Absolute Truth, bhakti-yoga, devotional service, is the highest. If one at all desires to have the association of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, then he must take to devotional service.

Those who worship the Supreme Lord directly by devotional service are called personalists. Those who engage themselves in meditation on the impersonal Brahman are called impersonalists. Arjuna is here questioning which position is better. There are different ways to realize the Absolute Truth, but Krishna indicates in this chapter that bhakti-yoga, or devotional service to Him, is highest of all. It is the most direct, and it is the easiest means for association with the Godhead.

In the Second Chapter the Lord explains that a living entity is not the material body but is a spiritual spark, a part of the Absolute Truth. In the Seventh Chapter He speaks of the living entity as part and parcel of the supreme whole and recommends that he transfer his attention fully to the whole. In the Eighth Chapter it is stated that whoever thinks of Krishna at the moment of death is at once transferred to the spiritual sky, Krishna's abode. And at the end of the Sixth Chapter the Lord says that out of all the yogis, he who thinks of Krishna within himself is considered to be the most perfect.

So throughout the Gita personal devotion to Krishna is recommended as the highest form of spiritual realization. Yet there are those who are still attracted to Krishna's impersonal brahmajyoti effulgence, which is the all-pervasive aspect of the Absolute Truth and which is unmanifest and beyond the reach of the senses. Arjuna would like to know which of these two types of transcendentalists is more perfect in knowledge. In other words, he is clarifying his own position because he is attached to the personal form of Krishna. He is not attached to the impersonal Brahman. He wants to know whether his position is secure.

The impersonal manifestation, either in this material world or in the spiritual world of the Supreme Lord, is a problem for meditation. Actually, one cannot perfectly conceive of the impersonal feature of the Absolute Truth. Therefore Arjuna wants to say, "What is the use of such a waste of time?" Arjuna experienced in the Eleventh Chapter that to be attached to the personal form of Krishna is best because he could thus understand all other forms at the same time and there was no disturbance to his love for Krishna.

This important question asked of Krishna by Arjuna will clarify the distinction between the impersonal and personal conceptions of the Absolute Truth.

To be continued  ...